{"id":21132,"date":"2022-07-19T20:44:27","date_gmt":"2022-07-19T18:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-french.net\/?page_id=21132"},"modified":"2026-07-25T20:54:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T18:54:31","slug":"la-forme-passive","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/live-french.net\/fr\/grammaire-francaise\/la-forme-passive\/","title":{"rendered":"La forme passive"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"21132\" class=\"elementor elementor-21132\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cfec541 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cfec541\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column 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li:before{content:counter(lfm);counter-increment:lfm;position:absolute;left:14px;top:12px;width:26px;height:26px;border-radius:50%;background:#F34234;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n  .lf-g details{border:1px solid #EEF0F3;border-radius:10px;margin:10px 0;background:#fff}\n  .lf-g summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600;color:#1b1b1b;padding:14px 18px;list-style:none;position:relative}.lf-g summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}\n  .lf-g summary:after{content:\"+\";position:absolute;right:18px;top:12px;color:#F34234;font-size:22px;font-weight:700}.lf-g details[open] summary:after{content:\"\u2013\"}\n  .lf-g details .lf-body{padding:0 18px 16px}\n  .lf-quiz{background:#FBFAFA;border:1px solid #EEF0F3;border-radius:10px;padding:16px 20px;margin:14px 0}.lf-quiz ol{margin:8px 0 0;padding-left:20px}.lf-quiz li{margin:6px 0}\n  .lf-recap{background:#F7F8FA;border-radius:12px;padding:18px 22px;margin:16px 0}.lf-recap ul{margin:0;padding-left:20px}.lf-recap li{margin:8px 0}\n  .lf-ctabox{background:#FFF3F2;border-left:5px solid #F34234;border-radius:10px;padding:18px 22px;margin:22px 0}.lf-ctabox b{color:#1b1b1b}\n  .lf-cta{display:inline-block;background:#F34234;color:#fff!important;text-decoration:none;padding:13px 26px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;margin-top:12px}.lf-cta:hover{background:#C92E22}\n  .lf-links{font-size:14px;color:#666;margin-top:18px}.lf-links a{color:#C92E22;text-decoration:none}\n  .lf-author{font-size:13px;color:#8a8f98;font-style:italic;border-top:1px solid #EEF0F3;margin-top:24px;padding-top:14px}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lf-g\">\n  <p class=\"lf-crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/fr\/grammaire-francaise\/\">Grammaire fran&ccedil;aise &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n  <h2>Vid&eacute;o sur la forme passive<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"lf-video\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kYf39ubJzV0\" title=\"La forme passive en fran&ccedil;ais\" allowfullscreen loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n  <p>&Agrave; la <strong>voix active<\/strong>, le sujet fait l&rsquo;action ; &agrave; la <strong>voix passive<\/strong>, le sujet la subit. La forme passive se construit avec <em>&ecirc;tre<\/em> et le participe pass&eacute;, qui s&rsquo;accorde avec le sujet. Cette page explique la formation, les temps, le passage de l&rsquo;actif au passif, le compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent (<em>par<\/em> ou <em>de<\/em>), les pi&egrave;ges, les erreurs courantes, un test rapide et trois exercices interactifs directement sur la page.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lf-toc\"><strong>Dans cette le&ccedil;on<\/strong><ul>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-rule\">La r&egrave;gle en une phrase<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-def\">Actif ou passif ?<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-form\">Former la voix passive<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-temps\">La forme passive aux diff&eacute;rents temps<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-transf\">De l&rsquo;actif au passif<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-agent\">Le compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent : par ou de<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-trap\">Les pi&egrave;ges<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-err\">Erreurs courantes<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-auto\">Auto-&eacute;valuation<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-faq\">Questions fr&eacute;quentes<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#lf-recap\">&Agrave; retenir<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#ex1\">Exercices<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul><\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-rule\">La r&egrave;gle en une phrase<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"lf-rule\">La forme passive = <b>&ecirc;tre<\/b> (au temps du verbe actif) + le <b>participe pass&eacute;<\/b>, qui <b>s&rsquo;accorde en genre et en nombre<\/b> avec le sujet. Seuls les verbes ayant un <b>compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;objet direct<\/b> peuvent se mettre au passif.<\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-def\">Actif ou passif ?<\/h2>\n  <p>La voix passive pr&eacute;sente le m&ecirc;me fait sous un autre point de vue : on met en avant l&rsquo;objet de l&rsquo;action plut&ocirc;t que celui qui la fait.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lf-scroll\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th>Voix<\/th><th>Le sujet&hellip;<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td>Active<\/td><td>fait l&rsquo;action<\/td><td>Les d&eacute;put&eacute;s <strong>votent<\/strong> la loi.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Passive<\/td><td>subit l&rsquo;action<\/td><td>La loi <strong>est vot&eacute;e<\/strong> par les d&eacute;put&eacute;s.<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-form\">Former la voix passive<\/h2>\n  <p>On emploie le verbe <strong>&ecirc;tre<\/strong> suivi du <strong>participe pass&eacute;<\/strong> du verbe. Le participe pass&eacute; s&rsquo;accorde toujours avec le sujet.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lf-scroll\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th>Sujet<\/th><th>&ecirc;tre + participe pass&eacute;<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td>Un tableau<\/td><td>a &eacute;t&eacute; <strong>vol&eacute;<\/strong> au mus&eacute;e.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Une piscine<\/td><td>sera <strong>construite<\/strong> dans deux ans.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Les livres<\/td><td>sont <strong>lus<\/strong> par les enfants.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Les portes<\/td><td>seront <strong>ferm&eacute;es<\/strong> &agrave; 18 h.<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lf-key\"><strong>Bon &agrave; savoir :<\/strong> c&rsquo;est le verbe <em>&ecirc;tre<\/em> qui porte le temps. Le participe pass&eacute; suit l&rsquo;accord du sujet : <em>vol&eacute;<\/em>, <em>construit<b>e<\/b><\/em>, <em>lu<b>s<\/b><\/em>, <em>ferm&eacute;<b>es<\/b><\/em>.<\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-temps\">La forme passive aux diff&eacute;rents temps<\/h2>\n  <p>Pour changer de temps, on conjugue simplement <strong>&ecirc;tre<\/strong> au temps voulu. Le participe pass&eacute; ne change pas (hormis l&rsquo;accord).<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lf-scroll\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th>Temps<\/th><th>Actif<\/th><th>Passif<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td>Pr&eacute;sent<\/td><td>on mange le g&acirc;teau<\/td><td>le g&acirc;teau <strong>est<\/strong> mang&eacute;<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Pass&eacute; compos&eacute;<\/td><td>on a mang&eacute; le g&acirc;teau<\/td><td>le g&acirc;teau <strong>a &eacute;t&eacute;<\/strong> mang&eacute;<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Imparfait<\/td><td>on mangeait le g&acirc;teau<\/td><td>le g&acirc;teau <strong>&eacute;tait<\/strong> mang&eacute;<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Futur simple<\/td><td>on mangera le g&acirc;teau<\/td><td>le g&acirc;teau <strong>sera<\/strong> mang&eacute;<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Conditionnel<\/td><td>on mangerait le g&acirc;teau<\/td><td>le g&acirc;teau <strong>serait<\/strong> mang&eacute;<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-transf\">De l&rsquo;actif au passif<\/h2>\n  <p>Pour transformer une phrase active en phrase passive, on r&eacute;organise les &eacute;l&eacute;ments.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lf-scroll\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th>&Eacute;tape<\/th><th>Ce qui se passe<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td>Le COD<\/td><td>devient le <strong>sujet<\/strong> de la phrase passive<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Le verbe<\/td><td>devient <strong>&ecirc;tre<\/strong> (m&ecirc;me temps) + participe pass&eacute; accord&eacute;<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Le sujet actif<\/td><td>devient le <strong>compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent<\/strong>, introduit par <em>par<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lf-key\"><strong>Exemple :<\/strong> Le chat <em>attrape<\/em> la souris. &rarr; La souris <strong>est attrap&eacute;e<\/strong> <em>par<\/em> le chat.<\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-agent\">Le compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent : par ou de<\/h2>\n  <p>Le compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent indique qui fait l&rsquo;action. Il s&rsquo;introduit le plus souvent par <strong>par<\/strong>, mais certains verbes pr&eacute;f&egrave;rent <strong>de<\/strong>.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"lf-scroll\"><table>\n    <thead><tr><th>Pr&eacute;position<\/th><th>Quand<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr><td>par<\/td><td>action concr&egrave;te (cas le plus fr&eacute;quent)<\/td><td>La maison a &eacute;t&eacute; construite <strong>par<\/strong> l&rsquo;architecte.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>de<\/td><td>verbes de sentiment ou de description : aim&eacute;, respect&eacute;, connu, accompagn&eacute;, couvert, entour&eacute;, suivi<\/td><td>Elle est aim&eacute;e <strong>de<\/strong> tous. &middot; La table est couverte <strong>d&rsquo;<\/strong>une nappe.<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table><\/div>\n  <div class=\"lf-key\"><strong>&Agrave; noter :<\/strong> quand le sujet actif est le pronom <em>on<\/em>, il n&rsquo;y a pas de compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent. &laquo; On lit des livres. &raquo; &rarr; &laquo; Des livres sont lus. &raquo;<\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-trap\">Les pi&egrave;ges<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"lf-trap\"><b>Pas de COD, pas de passif.<\/b> Un verbe sans compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;objet direct (dormir, aller, t&eacute;l&eacute;phoner &agrave;&hellip;) ne peut pas se mettre &agrave; la voix passive. <b>Et attention :<\/b> le passif se forme avec <i>&ecirc;tre<\/i>, jamais avec <i>avoir<\/i> ; <i>avoir<\/i> ne s&rsquo;emploie qu&rsquo;&agrave; la forme active.<\/div>\n  <div class=\"lf-ctabox\"><b>Conna&icirc;tre la r&egrave;gle du passif, c&rsquo;est une chose ; l&rsquo;employer naturellement &agrave; l&rsquo;oral et &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;crit, c&rsquo;est le but.<\/b> R&eacute;servez un cours d&rsquo;essai gratuit et entra&icirc;nez-vous avec un professeur natif, sans carte bancaire.<br><a class=\"lf-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/member.booknstart.com\/trial-registration?lg=fr&referred_by=blog&office_id=6\">R&eacute;server un cours d&rsquo;essai gratuit<\/a><\/div>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-err\">Erreurs courantes<\/h2>\n  <ul class=\"lf-mist\">\n    <li><b>Le passif form&eacute; avec <i>avoir<\/i>.<\/b> &laquo; La loi a vot&eacute;e &raquo; &rarr; &laquo; La loi <strong>est<\/strong> vot&eacute;e. &raquo;<\/li>\n    <li><b>Le participe pass&eacute; non accord&eacute;.<\/b> &laquo; Les livres sont lu &raquo; &rarr; &laquo; Les livres sont <strong>lus<\/strong>. &raquo;<\/li>\n    <li><b>Un verbe sans COD mis au passif.<\/b> &laquo; Il est dormi &raquo; &rarr; impossible : <em>dormir<\/em> n&rsquo;a pas de COD.<\/li>\n    <li><b>Le mauvais temps de <i>&ecirc;tre<\/i>.<\/b> &laquo; Hier, la salle est nettoy&eacute;e &raquo; &rarr; &laquo; Hier, la salle <strong>a &eacute;t&eacute;<\/strong> nettoy&eacute;e. &raquo;<\/li>\n    <li><b>Un compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent inutile avec <i>on<\/i>.<\/b> &laquo; Des cr&ecirc;pes seront pr&eacute;par&eacute;es par nous &raquo; &rarr; &laquo; Des cr&ecirc;pes <strong>seront pr&eacute;par&eacute;es<\/strong>. &raquo;<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-auto\">Auto-&eacute;valuation<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"lf-quiz\"><p style=\"margin:0\">Mettez &agrave; la forme passive, puis affichez les r&eacute;ponses.<\/p><ol>\n    <li>Le jury r&eacute;compense les gagnants.<\/li>\n    <li>On a annul&eacute; le concert.<\/li>\n    <li>Gustave Eiffel a construit la tour Eiffel.<\/li>\n  <\/ol><\/div>\n  <details><summary>Afficher les r&eacute;ponses<\/summary><div class=\"lf-body\"><p style=\"margin:12px 0 0\">1. Les gagnants <strong>sont r&eacute;compens&eacute;s<\/strong> par le jury. &middot; 2. Le concert <strong>a &eacute;t&eacute; annul&eacute;<\/strong>. &middot; 3. La tour Eiffel <strong>a &eacute;t&eacute; construite<\/strong> par Gustave Eiffel.<\/p><\/div><\/details>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-faq\">Questions fr&eacute;quentes<\/h2>\n  <details><summary>Comment forme-t-on la voix passive ?<\/summary><div class=\"lf-body\"><p>Avec le verbe &ecirc;tre conjugu&eacute; au temps voulu, suivi du participe pass&eacute; du verbe : &laquo; La loi est vot&eacute;e &raquo;, &laquo; La maison a &eacute;t&eacute; construite &raquo;. Le participe pass&eacute; s&rsquo;accorde avec le sujet.<\/p><\/div><\/details>\n  <details><summary>Comment transformer une phrase active en passive ?<\/summary><div class=\"lf-body\"><p>Le COD devient sujet, le verbe devient &ecirc;tre (au m&ecirc;me temps) + participe pass&eacute; accord&eacute;, et le sujet actif devient compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent introduit par par : &laquo; Le chat attrape la souris &raquo; &rarr; &laquo; La souris est attrap&eacute;e par le chat. &raquo;<\/p><\/div><\/details>\n  <details><summary>Quand emploie-t-on &laquo; par &raquo; ou &laquo; de &raquo; ?<\/summary><div class=\"lf-body\"><p>On utilise par dans la plupart des cas (action concr&egrave;te). On utilise de apr&egrave;s les verbes de sentiment ou de description : aim&eacute; de, respect&eacute; de, connu de, accompagn&eacute; de, couvert de, entour&eacute; de.<\/p><\/div><\/details>\n  <details><summary>Tous les verbes peuvent-ils se mettre au passif ?<\/summary><div class=\"lf-body\"><p>Non. Seuls les verbes ayant un compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;objet direct peuvent &ecirc;tre mis &agrave; la voix passive. Les verbes intransitifs (dormir, aller&hellip;) ne le peuvent pas. Le verbe avoir s&rsquo;emploie uniquement &agrave; l&rsquo;actif.<\/p><\/div><\/details>\n  <details><summary>Le participe pass&eacute; s&rsquo;accorde-t-il ?<\/summary><div class=\"lf-body\"><p>Oui, toujours avec le sujet, en genre et en nombre : &laquo; Une piscine sera construite &raquo;, &laquo; Les livres sont lus &raquo;.<\/p><\/div><\/details>\n  <h2 id=\"lf-recap\">&Agrave; retenir<\/h2>\n  <div class=\"lf-recap\"><ul>\n    <li>Voix passive = &ecirc;tre (au temps du verbe) + participe pass&eacute; accord&eacute; avec le sujet.<\/li>\n    <li>Le COD de la phrase active devient le sujet de la phrase passive.<\/li>\n    <li>Le compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent s&rsquo;introduit par par (ou de avec les verbes de sentiment).<\/li>\n    <li>Avec on, pas de compl&eacute;ment d&rsquo;agent : &laquo; Des livres sont lus. &raquo;<\/li>\n    <li>Pas de COD, pas de passif ; et jamais avoir au passif.<\/li>\n  <\/ul><\/div>\n  <h2>Exercices<\/h2>\n  <p>Faites cet exercice et v\u00e9rifiez vos r\u00e9sultats imm\u00e9diatement.<\/p>\n<div class=\"le-ex\" id=\"ex1\"><script src=\"https:\/\/member.booknstart.com\/embed\/grammar-exercise\/HmFwLZ88Kix70JIhLCO3lzGfhL51dAtj\"><\/script><\/div>\n<!-- <p id=\"ex1\"><strong>Exercice 1.<\/strong> Les verbes sont-ils &agrave; la forme active ou passive ?<\/p>\n  <iframe class=\"lf-ex\" src=\"https:\/\/learningapps.org\/watch?v=pzw4ud0ma22\" allowfullscreen loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe>\n  <p id=\"ex2\"><strong>Exercice 2.<\/strong> Mettez les phrases &agrave; la forme passive si c&rsquo;est possible.<\/p>\n  <iframe class=\"lf-ex\" src=\"https:\/\/learningapps.org\/watch?v=poxwtn50n22\" allowfullscreen loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe>\n  <p id=\"ex3\"><strong>Exercice 3.<\/strong> Formulez des titres de journaux &agrave; la forme passive.<\/p>\n  <iframe class=\"lf-ex\" src=\"https:\/\/learningapps.org\/watch?v=pvnxttrmc22\" allowfullscreen loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe>\n   --><p class=\"lf-links\">Voir aussi : <a href=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/fr\/grammaire-francaise\/\">toute la grammaire fran&ccedil;aise<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/french-level-test\/\">test de niveau<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"lf-author\">R&eacute;dig&eacute; et r&eacute;vis&eacute; par les professeurs natifs de Live French, en ligne depuis 2007.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Comment forme-t-on la voix passive ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Avec le verbe \u00eatre conjugu\u00e9 au temps voulu, suivi du participe pass\u00e9 du verbe : \u00ab La loi est vot\u00e9e \u00bb, \u00ab La maison a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite \u00bb. Le participe pass\u00e9 s'accorde avec le sujet.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Comment transformer une phrase active en passive ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Le COD devient sujet, le verbe devient \u00eatre (au m\u00eame temps) + participe pass\u00e9 accord\u00e9, et le sujet actif devient compl\u00e9ment d'agent introduit par par : \u00ab Le chat attrape la souris \u00bb \u2192 \u00ab La souris est attrap\u00e9e par le chat. \u00bb\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quand emploie-t-on \u00ab par \u00bb ou \u00ab de \u00bb ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"On utilise par dans la plupart des cas (action concr\u00e8te). On utilise de apr\u00e8s les verbes de sentiment ou de description : aim\u00e9 de, respect\u00e9 de, connu de, accompagn\u00e9 de, couvert de, entour\u00e9 de.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Tous les verbes peuvent-ils se mettre au passif ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Non. Seuls les verbes ayant un compl\u00e9ment d'objet direct peuvent \u00eatre mis \u00e0 la voix passive. Les verbes intransitifs (dormir, aller\u2026) ne le peuvent pas. 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La forme passive se construit&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":20226,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21132","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La forme passive en fran\u00e7ais : formation, par\/de, exercices | Live French<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La forme passive en fran\u00e7ais : \u00eatre + participe pass\u00e9 accord\u00e9, les temps, le passage de l&#039;actif au passif, le compl\u00e9ment d&#039;agent (par ou de) et 3 exercices interactifs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/fr\/grammaire-francaise\/la-forme-passive\/\" \/>\n<meta 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