{"id":34942,"date":"2026-10-26T21:01:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T20:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-french.net\/?p=34942"},"modified":"2026-10-26T21:01:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T20:01:54","slug":"territorios-franceses-de-ultramar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/live-french.net\/es\/blog\/cultura-frances\/territorios-franceses-de-ultramar\/","title":{"rendered":"Los DOM-TOM: la Francia de ultramar, del Caribe al Pac\u00edfico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Francia no termina en sus fronteras europeas. Del Caribe al oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico y al Pac\u00edfico, varias islas y territorios forman parte de la Rep\u00fablica francesa. Se les sigue llamando DOM-TOM, aunque el nombre oficial cambi\u00f3 en 2003. Aqu\u00ed tienes cu\u00e1les son, en qu\u00e9 se diferencian y el vocabulario para hablar de ellos.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#eef3fb;border-radius:8px;padding:18px 22px;margin:24px 0;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:bold;\">Lo esencial<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;\">\n<li>DOM-TOM significaba departamentos y territorios de ultramar. Desde 2003 se habla oficialmente de DROM y COM.<\/li>\n<li>Los cinco DROM: Guadalupe, Martinica, la Guayana Francesa, Reuni\u00f3n y Mayotte.<\/li>\n<li>Las COM: San Pedro y Miquel\u00f3n, San Bartolom\u00e9, San Mart\u00edn, Wallis y Futuna y la Polinesia Francesa. Nueva Caledonia tiene un estatus especial.<\/li>\n<li>En los DROM se paga en euros; en el Pac\u00edfico, en franco CFP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom:3px solid #1f4386;padding-bottom:8px;\">DOM-TOM, DROM, COM: \u00bfqu\u00e9 diferencia hay?<\/h2>\n<p>La reforma constitucional de 2003 sustituy\u00f3 los DOM y TOM por dos categor\u00edas:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding-left:20px;\">\n<li><strong>Los DROM<\/strong> (departamentos y regiones de ultramar): las leyes francesas se aplican como en la Francia metropolitana, con algunas adaptaciones. Forman parte de la Uni\u00f3n Europea.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Las COM<\/strong> (colectividades de ultramar): tienen m\u00e1s autonom\u00eda y normas propias en algunos \u00e1mbitos.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nueva Caledonia<\/strong> tiene un estatus \u00fanico previsto en la Constituci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En la conversaci\u00f3n diaria, muchos franceses siguen diciendo les DOM-TOM o simplemente l&#8217;outre-mer.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom:3px solid #1f4386;padding-bottom:8px;\">Los DROM en resumen<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"padding-left:20px;\">\n<li><strong>Guadalupe<\/strong>, la isla mariposa del Caribe, con sus dos alas, Grande-Terre y Basse-Terre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Martinica<\/strong>, la isla de las flores, dominada por el volc\u00e1n Montagne Pel\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La Guayana Francesa<\/strong>, en Sudam\u00e9rica, cubierta de selva amaz\u00f3nica, donde se encuentra el centro espacial de Kourou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reuni\u00f3n<\/strong>, en el oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico, con el volc\u00e1n Piton de la Fournaise. Sus picos, circos y escarpes son Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mayotte<\/strong>, que se convirti\u00f3 en 2011 en el departamento franc\u00e9s n\u00famero 101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom:3px solid #1f4386;padding-bottom:8px;\">Lenguas y culturas<\/h2>\n<p>El franc\u00e9s es la lengua oficial en todas partes, pero tambi\u00e9n se hablan muchas lenguas regionales: los criollos en el Caribe, la Guayana y Reuni\u00f3n, el tahitiano en la Polinesia, las lenguas canacas en Nueva Caledonia, el shimaore en Mayotte. Estos territorios tambi\u00e9n han aportado a la cultura francesa estilos musicales como el zouk y el maloya.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#FFF4F3;border-left:4px solid #F34234;padding:14px 18px;margin:24px 0;border-radius:4px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0;\"><strong>Bueno saberlo:<\/strong> en los DROM se dice la m\u00e9tropole o l&#8217;Hexagone para referirse a la Francia europea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom:3px solid #1f4386;padding-bottom:8px;\">Vocabulario franc\u00e9s de ultramar<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"padding-left:20px;\">\n<li>l&#8217;outre-mer (la Francia de ultramar), ultramarin(e): de ultramar<\/li>\n<li>la m\u00e9tropole, m\u00e9tropolitain(e), l&#8217;Hexagone (la Francia metropolitana)<\/li>\n<li>les Antilles (las Antillas francesas), un(e) Antillais(e)<\/li>\n<li>un cr\u00e9ole, une langue cr\u00e9ole (una lengua criolla)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom:3px solid #1f4386;padding-bottom:8px;\">Para ir m\u00e1s lejos<\/h2>\n<p>Descubre los <a href=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/es\/blog\/cultura-frances\/simbolos-de-francia\/\">s\u00edmbolos de Francia<\/a> y los <a href=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/es\/blog\/cultura-frances\/dias-festivos-en-francia\/\">d\u00edas festivos en Francia<\/a>, algunos propios de ultramar, como la conmemoraci\u00f3n de la abolici\u00f3n de la esclavitud. Practica en nuestras <a href=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/es\/frances-conversacional\/\">clases de conversaci\u00f3n en franc\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;margin:28px 0;\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/member.booknstart.com\/trial-registration?lg=es&amp;referred_by=blog&amp;office_id=6\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#F34234;color:#fff;padding:14px 28px;border-radius:6px;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;\">Reserva una clase de prueba gratuita<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"border-bottom:3px solid #1f4386;padding-bottom:8px;\">Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\n<details style=\"border:1px solid #ececec;border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:10px;background:#fff;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:14px 18px;font-weight:bold;\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa DOM-TOM?<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding:0 18px 16px;\">\n<p>D\u00e9partements d&#8217;outre-mer y territoires d&#8217;outre-mer: departamentos y territorios de ultramar. Desde 2003 los t\u00e9rminos oficiales son DROM y COM.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"border:1px solid #ececec;border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:10px;background:#fff;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:14px 18px;font-weight:bold;\">\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los departamentos de ultramar?<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding:0 18px 16px;\">\n<p>Guadalupe, Martinica, la Guayana Francesa, Reuni\u00f3n y Mayotte.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"border:1px solid #ececec;border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:10px;background:#fff;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:14px 18px;font-weight:bold;\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 moneda se usa en los DOM-TOM?<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding:0 18px 16px;\">\n<p>El euro en los DROM, San Mart\u00edn, San Bartolom\u00e9 y San Pedro y Miquel\u00f3n. El franco CFP en Nueva Caledonia, la Polinesia Francesa y Wallis y Futuna.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"border:1px solid #ececec;border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:10px;background:#fff;\">\n<summary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:14px 18px;font-weight:bold;\">\u00bfLos DOM-TOM forman parte de la Uni\u00f3n Europea?<\/summary>\n<div style=\"padding:0 18px 16px;\">\n<p>Los DROM y San Mart\u00edn forman parte de la UE. Las dem\u00e1s colectividades de ultramar y Nueva Caledonia est\u00e1n asociadas sin ser miembros.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<div style=\"text-align:center;margin:28px 0;\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/member.booknstart.com\/trial-registration?lg=es&amp;referred_by=blog&amp;office_id=6\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#F34234;color:#fff;padding:14px 28px;border-radius:6px;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;\">Reserva una clase de prueba gratuita<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#666;font-size:14px;\">Live French \u00b7 clases individuales por Zoom con profesores nativos desde 2007 \u00b7 4,9\/5 en Google<\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/es\/blog\/cultura-frances\/territorios-franceses-de-ultramar\/#faq\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa DOM-TOM?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"D\u00e9partements d'outre-mer y territoires d'outre-mer: departamentos y territorios de ultramar. Desde 2003 los t\u00e9rminos oficiales son DROM y COM.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\u00bfCu\u00e1les son los departamentos de ultramar?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Guadalupe, Martinica, la Guayana Francesa, Reuni\u00f3n y Mayotte.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 moneda se usa en los DOM-TOM?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"El euro en los DROM, San Mart\u00edn, San Bartolom\u00e9 y San Pedro y Miquel\u00f3n. El franco CFP en Nueva Caledonia, la Polinesia Francesa y Wallis y Futuna.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\u00bfLos DOM-TOM forman parte de la Uni\u00f3n Europea?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Los DROM y San Mart\u00edn forman parte de la UE. Las dem\u00e1s colectividades de ultramar y Nueva Caledonia est\u00e1n asociadas sin ser miembros.\"}}]}<\/script><\/p>\n<div id=\"media_image-2\" class=\"si-sidebar-widget si-widget si-entry widget widget_media_image amr_widget\"><h4 class=\"widget-title\">Perfectionnez votre fran\u00e7ais : cours d&#8217;essai gratuit ! Inscrivez-vous ici<\/h4><a href=\"https:\/\/member.booknstart.com\/trial-registration?lg=fr&#038;referred_by=CTA&#038;office_id=6\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CTA-LFNfr-1024x366.jpg\" class=\"image wp-image-27798  attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Cours d&#039;essai gratuit de fran\u00e7ais avec Live French\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" title=\"Perfectionnez votre fran\u00e7ais : cours d&#039;essai gratuit ! Inscrivez-vous ici\" srcset=\"https:\/\/live-french.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CTA-LFNfr-1024x366.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/live-french.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CTA-LFNfr-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/live-french.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CTA-LFNfr-768x274.jpg 768w, https:\/\/live-french.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CTA-LFNfr-1536x549.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/live-french.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CTA-LFNfr-2048x731.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Francia no termina en sus fronteras europeas. Del Caribe al oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico y al Pac\u00edfico, varias islas y territorios forman parte de la Rep\u00fablica francesa. Se les sigue llamando DOM-TOM,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura-frances"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DOM-TOM: la Francia de ultramar explicada | Live French<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DOM-TOM, DROM y COM: qu\u00e9 territorios forman la Francia de ultramar, en qu\u00e9 se diferencian, sus lenguas, sus monedas y el vocabulario franc\u00e9s \u00fatil.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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